Holism

Cohn, Marjorie A. (2004). Holism: Psychology, Culture, and Context (Doctoral dissertation, Pacifica Graduate Institute, 2004). UMI _.

This theoretical/hermeneutic dissertation utilizes psychoanalytic and Jungian perspectives to explore psychological dynamics of holism and holistic trends in sociocultural contexts. In particular, it focuses on similarities and differences of holistic movements in pre-Nazi Germany and post World War II United States.

The study first surveys the history of holism, then continues on to explore connections between holistic thought and Nazi ideology, and psychology of holistic movements in general. Benevolent and shadow aspects of holism are investigated. Psychological mechanisms of splitting and projection at the individual and collective levels are examined as they relate to holism and holistic movements.

Holism has a long history in humankind’s effort to find greater connection and meaning in life. Holistic movements often develop in contrast to prevailing mechanistic, industrial culture. However, holism can carry a shadow side which involves splitting, projection, and in Nazi Germany, harm to others. When individual issues are not resolved, it is easy for answers to be sought outside oneself Powerful unconscious forces can be triggered when these places in the individual psyche intersect with the energy of a collective movement. This can lead to extremism, irrational behaviors, or chaos and destruction.

Typically, holism can imply a search for light. Ideally, it offers an excellent and useful model for individual, social, and environmental health. It is important that the shadow side also be acknowledged, however difficult this might be as it is usually out of awareness.

The study also finds that holism as an integrative phenomena is emerging in many sectors of contemporary society, offering alternative and healthier ways of living, treating the planet, and developing relationships with fellow citizens. An appendix of holistic organizations is included.